John Hancock was an English sculptor and teacher. He was the son of John Hancock (1788–1835), an inventor and rubber manufacturer. After his father’s death in 1835 John and his eight siblings were raised in Stoke Newington by their uncle and guardian, Thomas Hancock (1786–1865), manufacturer and inventor who discovered the process of the vulcanization of rubber. When John Hancock was seventeen, he entered the Royal Academy Schools and studied there for at least two years (1842-c.1844). His uncle, Charles Hancock (1800–1877), who was an animal painter and inventor, may have encouraged him to pursue an artistic career. Probably through Thomas Woolner, a fellow student at the Royal Academy Schools with whom Hancock later shared a studio (c.1852), he soon became associated with the Pre-Raphaelites. John joined the Cyclographic Society together with Dante Gabriel Rossetti, John Everett Millais, William Holman Hunt and Alexander Munro. In 1849 Hancock helped set up the Pre-Raphaelites’ magazine ‘Monthly Thought’ (later ‘The Germ’) though he afterwards withdrew his financial support. However, he was never admitted to the inner group of the Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood perhaps because, as Greenwood comments in ODNB (2004), William Michael Rossetti developed a particular dislike for him. Hancock achieved a number of early successes. He won the premium in a competition organized by the Art Union of London in 1849 for ‘Christ’s Journey to Jerusalem’ (exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1849), and his plaster statue of Beatrice (1850, V&A) was widely praised at the Great Exhibition of 1851. Hancock was one of the commissioners who selected sculpture for the Great Exhibition and taught modelling at the Central School of Practical Art (later the National Art Training School and Royal College of Art) between 1854-9. His career was cut short in 1869. He died at 35 Grafton Street East, Tottenham Court Road, London and was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery (The General Cemetery of All Souls, Kensal Green) on 23 October 1869. Of his known works, the most substantial is a series of architectural reliefs depicting Agriculture, Navigation, Science, Manufacture, Commerce and the Arts for the National Provincial Bank (now the National Westminster Bank), Bishopsgate, London (1864-5). Hancock exhibited at Westminster Hall (1844-5) and at the Royal Academy (1843-64). At least three of his sculptures were reproduced in Parian ware. The limited number of works he left in permanent media suggests his career was partly supported by financial assistance from his family, particularly his uncle Thomas Hancock who left John £4,000 in his will.