Hipólito Hidalgo de Caviedes y Gómez was a Spanish painter, illustrator and muralist, son of the painter Rafael Hidalgo de Caviedes. He joined the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando in 1970. He studied on an intermittent basis at the San Fernando School of Fine Arts in Madrid, with Aurelio Arteta and Julio Romero de Torres. During his studies he frequented the Residencia de Estudiantes while earning his living making copies of El Greco at the Prado Museum. He was a founder of the Platerías gathering and a regular at the gatherings at the Café Pombo organized by Ramón Gómez de la Serna. After spending a training period in Berlin, he joined the studio of Ignacio de Cárdenas Pastor, settled in Madrid, and worked on murals such as the one in the central hall of the Telefónica Building in 1930. After the outbreak of the Civil War, in 1937 he went into exile in Cuba, where he took up the position of director of the Diocesan Museum of Havana. In that city he carried out several works, such as the sugar-themed mural that decorated the walls of the Galbán Lobo building at 104 San Ignacio Street, commissioned by the magnate Julio Lobo Olavarría. He later emigrated to the United States. He returned to Spain, settling in Madrid in 1961. Framed within the figurative style, he left examples of his decorative works in institutions such as the Residencia de Señoritas of the Junta de Ampliación de Estudios (in the building occupied by the Ortega y Gasset Foundation), in business buildings such as the old Telefónica building on Gran Vía, and in leisure venues such as the Bar Capitol, the Bar Chicote or the “La Ballena Alegre” social room in the basement of the Café Lion, all of them in Madrid.